Halogens

Halogens Halogens By: Monica Lay Element: Fluorine Symbol: F Atomic Number: 9 Atomic Mass: 18.99840 Density: 1.696 g/cm3 Number or shells: 2 Number of protons and electrons: 9 Number of valence electrons: 7 Melting point: -220o C Boiling Point: -188oC Atomic Radius: 50pm Appearance: Cubic structure, greenish, pale yellow, poisonous and gaseous halogen element. Discovery Date: It was discovered in 1886 by Joseph Henri Moissan Uses: The common uses of fluorine are the production of uranium, air conditioning, refrigeration, insecticide, toothpaste- prevention of tooth decay, added to municipal water supplies, Teflon, etching of glass and the anaesthetic fluothane. Behaviour: The reaction with water will produce oxygen and the extremely corrosive hydrofluoric acid.

Element: Chlorine Symbol: Cl Atomic Number: 17 Atomic Mass: 35.4527 Density: 3.214 g/cm3 Number or shells: 3 Number of protons: 17 Number of valence electrons: 7 Melting point: -101oC Boiling Point: -34oC Atomic Radius: 100pm Appearance: Has an orthorhombic crystal structure, it has a greenish-yellow colour with dense gas of the smell of bleach. Discovery Date: Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Uses: Chlorine is used for water purification, mustard gas and production of chlorates, paper production, antiseptic, insecticides, paint, plastics medicines, hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide and bleaches. Behaviour: It occurs naturally with salt (NaCl), carnallite and sylvite but it the element itself will combine with other elements.

Element: Bromine Symbol: Br Atomic Number: 35 Atomic Mass: 79.904 Density: 3.119 g/cm3 Number or shells: 4 Number of protons: 35 Number of valence electrons: 7 Melting point: -7oC Boiling Point: 59oC Atomic Radius: 115pm Appearance: Bromine is a red heavy volatile corrosive non-metallic liquid element who has a high irritating vapour and has a orthorhombic structure. Discovery Date: Bromine was discovered in 1826 by Antoine J.Balard. Uses: This element is used for gasoline antiknock mixtures, fumigants, poisons, dyes, and photographic chemicals, medicinal and brominated vegetable oil. Behaviour: Bromine acts as a bleaching agent when it form compounds with many elements. It is really affective when it makes contact with our skin as it produces painful sores or irritating effect on the eyes and throat.

Element: Iodine Symbol: I Atomic Number: 53 Atomic Mass: 126.9045 Density: 4.93 g/cm3 Number or shells: 5 Number of protons: 53 Number of valence electrons: 7 Melting point: 113.5oC Boiling Point: 184oC Atomic Radius: 140pm Appearance: Has an orthorhombic crystal structure and has a violet black colour, it is also a lustrous solid, even though it is a non metal, it displays some metallic properties. Discovery Date: Iodine was discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois. Uses: The uses of iodine were germicides, antiseptics, dyes, table salt, organic chemistry and photography. It is also used for disinfectant and control of goitre. Behaviour: When Iodine is dissolved in chloroform, carbon disulphide as it yields purple coloured solutions but is barely soluble in water as it gives you a result of yellow solution.

Element: Astatine Symbol: At Atomic Number: 85 Atomic Mass: 210 Density: unknown Number or shells: 6 Number of protons: 85 Number of valence electrons: 7 Melting point: 302oC Boiling Point: 337oC Atomic Radius: pm Appearance: It is a unstable radioactive element which resembles iodine in solution and it is the heaviest from all halogens. Discovery Date: This element was discovered in 1940 by D.R.Corson. Uses: There were no uses of astatine because it is high radioactive and toxic which needs of high special techniques used with precautions. Behaviour: When it reacts with hydrogen, it forms hydrogen astatide but when you dissolved in water is forms hydrostatics acid and hydrogen has the most metallic properties.


 * Family:Halogens || By Jaspreet Sandhu and Georgia Orwin ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Element || Symbol || Appearance || Atomic # || Atomic Mass || # of proton's || # of valence electron/s || # of shells || Melting point || Atomic Radius || Discovery Date ||
 * Fluorine || F || Pale yellow || 9 || 18.998403 || 9 || 7 || 2 || 53.6 K (-219.6 oC || 50 pm || 1530 ||
 * Chlorine || Cl || Greenish-yellow || 17 || 35.453 || 17 || 7 || 3 || 172 K (-101 oC) || 100pm || 1774 ||
 * Bromine || Br || Red-brown || 35 || 79.904 || 35 || 7 || 4 || 277 K (-7 oC) || 120 pm || 1826 ||
 * Iodine || I || Violet-black || 53 || 126.90447 || 53 || 7 || 5 || [|457.4 K (184.3 °C)] || 140 pm || 1811 ||
 * Astatine || At || Presumed very dark || 85 || 210 || 85 || 7 || 6 || 575.2 K (302 oC) || 145 pm || 1940 ||
 * Astatine || At || Presumed very dark || 85 || 210 || 85 || 7 || 6 || 575.2 K (302 oC) || 145 pm || 1940 ||


 * 1. Can you see any trends in the information collected?? ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * With the imformation recorded in the table we can see that the number of valence electrons are all exactly the same ||  ||   ||
 * 2. How are the elements of this family the same?? ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * There are a few similiraties that I have spotted in the table such as that all the Elements end in Ine and that the number of valence elctrons are all 7 ||
 * 3. How are the elements of this family different?? ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * They have a lot differences such as the appearance, Atomic number, Atomic mass, no. of protons, no. of shells, melting point, Atomic radius and the discovery date ||