Pnictogens

Pnictogens
Beanca Rusli & Michelle Chi Tran 
 * ** Element ** || ** Symbol ** || ** Appearance ** || ** Atomic # ** || ** Atomic Mass ** || ** Number of Protons ** || ** Number of Valency Electrons ** || ** Number of Shells ** || ** Melting Point ** || ** Boiling Point ** || ** Atomic Radius ** || ** Discovery Date ** ||
 * // Nitrogen // || N || Colourless gas, can be liquid or a solid || 7 || 14.00674 amu || 7 || 5 || 2 || 0 °C || -195.79 °C || 65 pm || 1772 ||
 * // Phosphorus // || P || Can be colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet or black || 15 || 30.97376 amu || 15 || 2 || 3 || 44.1 °C || 280.5 °C || 100 pm || 1669 ||
 * // Arsenic // || As || Metallic Grey, can be yellow or black also. Looks hard but is in fact very soft || 33 || 74.9216 amu || 33 || 5 || 4 || 817.0 °C || 614°C || 119 pm || 1250 ||
 * // Antimony // || Sb || Silvery lustrous gray in colour || 51 || 121.76 amu || 51 || 2 || 5 || 630.0 °C || 1587 °C || 140 pm || 1600 BC ||
 * // Bismuth // || Bi || Lustrous silver, looks shiny and feels soft. In some cases may resemble the looks of cheese || 83 || 208.98038 amu || 83 || 5 || 6 || 271.5 °C || 1564 °C || 156 pm || Since ancient times ||

As you go down the table the atomic number get bigger, the atomic mass, number of protons and atomic radius also rises. The number of shells also rises in a consecutive manner from 2 to six. The number of valence electrons goes in a pattern of 5 and 2. The elements in the pnictogen family are the same because a pattern develops with the number of valence electrons and the number of shells rising consecutively. The elements of the pnictogen family are different because the discovery date varies and the physical appearance is not at all similar.
 * 1. Can you see any trends in the information collected?? **
 * 2. How are the elements of this family the same? **
 * 3. How are the elements of this family different?? **


 * NITROGEN(N) **


 * Some of the common compounds of Nitrogen are;**
 * Dinitrogen Trioxide ( N2O3 )
 * Dinitrogen Tetroxide ( N2O4 )
 * Dinitrogen Pentoxide ( N2O5 )
 * Nitrogen can be used to manufacture many things and has many common uses for it;**
 * Lightbulbs are almost always filled with Nitrogen. The Nitrogen sometimes mixed with Argon (Ar) is the inert gas in the lightbulb which makes sure that the filament does not react with the air.
 * Nitrogen can be used to create explosives since the Nitrogen by itself is unable to support combustion. But if you pressure a vessel with Nitrogen and allow it to overpressure, the vessel can explode by fatigue. E.g. Ammonium Nitrate.
 * Distinguishing oil fires - Liquid nitrogen is used in oil fields, so that in a case of a fire, the liquid nitrogen will be able to distinguish it.


 * PHOSPHORUS(P) **


 * Some of the common compounds of Phosphorus are;**
 * Calcium Phosphide (Ca3P2)
 * Phosphorus Pentachloride (PCl5)
 * Organophosphorus Pesticides (P4S10)
 * Phosphorus can be used to manufacture many things and has many common uses for it;**
 * Phosphorus can catch on fire easily so it it is used in all matches. White Phosphorus is much more dangerous than red Phosphorus so if you look at a safety match, the end of the match is red. That red part of the match is red Phosphorus.
 * Phosphorus compounds (Phosphate) are found in toothpastes (cavity protections, tartar control) because many toothpaste include calcium and sodium phosphates for effective whitening properties. Other phosphates also are used to improve tooth health. These ingredients help remove food particles which cause tooth decay.
 * Army troops burn White Phosphorus because when White Phosphorus is burnt, it creates smoke which is useful for obsecuring the troops from being spotted. So therefore in the army, the Phosphorus is burnt to create smoke screens.


 * ARSENIC(As) **
 * Some of the common compounds of Arsenic are;**
 * Tetra Arsenic Trisulfide ( As4S3 )
 * Orpiment (As2S3, As2S3)
 * Realgar (As4S4, As4S4)
 * Arsenic Pentoxide (As2O5)
 * Arsenic can be used to manufacture many things and has many common uses for it;**
 * Arsenic can be used to toxic or kill the insects, bacteria and fungi because of its high level of toxicity. Therefore it is common for the arsenic compound Chromate Copper Arsenate or CCA or Tanalith to be used to prevent the wood form insects.
 * Arsenic compounds such as arearsphenamine, arsenic trioxide and arsphenamine are used in antibiotics. It has been commonly used in the last 500 years and utilized in the treatment of cancer.
 * Arsenic compounds are found in different pigments, Copper Actetoarsenite was used as green pigments. Arsenic compounds can also be found in fungicides, pesticides, insecticides and herbicides.


 * ANTIMONY(Sb) **


 * ome of the common compunds of Antimony are;**
 * Antimony trioxide ( Sb4O6 )
 * Antimony pentoxide ( Sb4O10 )
 * Antimonous acid Sb(OH)3
 * Sodium antimonite ( [Na3SbO3]4 )
 * Antimony can be used to manufacture many things and has many common uses for it;**
 * Antimony is commonly used in alloying to increase the strength and hardness.
 * It is found in infrared detectors.
 * Antimony compounds are found in batteries, bullets, cable sheathing, glass and ceramics.
 * Paint, Pottery is things where antimony is found.


 * BISMUTH(Bi) **


 * Some of the common compunds of Bismuth are;**
 * Yellow trioxide ( Bi2O3)
 * Bismuth Sulfide ( Bi2S3 )
 * Bismuthine ( BiH3 )
 * Bismuth chloride (BiCl3)
 * Bismuth can be used to manufacture many things and has many common uses for it;**
 * Bismuth subsalicylate is used as an antidiarrheal and treatment for gastro-intestinal diseases.
 * Bibrocathol, an organic compound is used to care for eye infections.
 * Bismuth subgallate is used for treating malodour from gas and faeces as an internal deodorant.
 * Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics.
 * Bismuth Sub nitrate and Bismuth Sub carbonate are used in medicine.
 * Bismuth alloys have low melting points therefore it is used as an alloying agent to produce malleable irons and thermocouple materials.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. >
 * INFORMATION:**
 * http://www.chemicalelements.com/index.html
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinomy
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen
 * http://www.tutorvista.com/chemistry/arsenic-compounds
 * http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/antimony.htm
 * http://chandrasekaran.tripod.com/uses.html
 * http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/wp.htm
 * http://www.tutorvista.com/content/chemistry/chemistry-i/nitrogen/nitrogen-uses.php
 * http://library.thinkquest.org/J002959F/usesy.htm
 * PICTURES:**
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antimony-4.jpg
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PhosphComby.jpg
 * http://www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_03_img0622.jpg
 * http://www.rossagri.ca/FCKeditor2FC1/UserFiles/Image/agr1490c_140_nitrogen.jpg
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arsen_1a.jpg
 * http://www.hobart.k12.in.us/ksms/PeriodicTable/About%20Graphics/arsenic.jpg
 * http://en.loadtr.com/bismuth_crystal-454197.htm
 * http://www.bpc.edu/mathscience/chemistry/images/periodic_table_of_elements.jpg